When you buy shares of a company, you are "giving" money to a company so that they can use it to fund things for their business (Infrastructure..blah).
A share is a part ownership of a company. So if Microsoft had 100,000 shares and you bought 1 share, you have 1/100,000 part ownership of...
OP I will give you a history lesson.
For thousands of years, humans have adapted. They have adapted to the environment and other humans to allow us to live a healthy and successful life. The many activities of our ancestors have allowed humans to communicate, fight, defend and work...